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Evolution

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Closer look :
Fantasticus - ventrimaculatus group
Epipedobates
Epipedobates bassleri

Selected references:
Roberts, J.L., Brown, J.L., Schulte, R., Arizabal, W, and Summers, K. Rapid diversification of coloration among populations of a poison frog isolated on sky peninsulas in the central cordillera of Peru. In press in Journal of Biogeography.

Roberts, J.L., Brown, J.L., Arizabal, W., von May, R.,, Schulte, R., & Summers, K. 2006. Genetic divergence and speciation in lowland and montane Peruvian poison frogs. In press in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. (PDF)

Grant, T., D. R. Frost, J. P. Caldwell, R. Gagliardo, C. F. B. Haddad, P. J. R. Kok, B. D. Means, B. P. Noonan, W. Schargel, and W. C. Wheeler. 2006. Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Anura: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 299: 1-262. (PDF)

Noonan, B.P. & K.P. Wray. 2006. Neotropical Diversification: The effects of a complex history on diversity within the poison frog genus Dendrobates. Journal of Biogeography, 33(6): 1007-1022. (PDF)

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A) Phylogram showing phylogenetic relationships among populations of E. bassleri. Thick branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities above 90. B) Color morphs of E. bassleri and related species. C) Ranges of color morphs. Areas above 1000m are shaded.

Roberts, J.L., Brown, J.L., Schulte, R., Arizabal, W, and Summers, K. Rapid diversification of coloration among populations of a poison frog isolated on sky peninsulas in the central cordillera of Peru. In press in Journal of Biogeography. Figure copyright Blackwell publishing Ltd. 2006.